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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalpakaŋam | om kalpakaŋ |
| 2SG: | kalpakaŋat | ot kalpakaŋ |
| 3SG: | kalpakaŋeš | ok/ogeš kalpakaŋ |
| 1PL: | kalpakaŋə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kalpakaŋ |
| 2PL: | kalpakaŋə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kalpakaŋ |
| 3PL: | kalpakaŋə̑t | ogə̑t kalpakaŋ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalpakaŋə̑m | šə̑m kalpakaŋ |
| 2SG: | kalpakaŋə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kalpakaŋ |
| 3SG: | kalpakaŋe | ə̑š kalpakaŋ |
| 1PL: | kalpakaŋna | ə̑šna kalpakaŋ |
| 2PL: | kalpakaŋda | ə̑šda kalpakaŋ |
| 3PL: | kalpakaŋə̑č́ | ə̑št kalpakaŋ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalpakaŋə̑nam | kalpakaŋə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kalpakaŋə̑nat | kalpakaŋə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kalpakaŋə̑n | kalpakaŋə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kalpakaŋə̑nna | kalpakaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kalpakaŋə̑nda | kalpakaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kalpakaŋə̑nə̑t | kalpakaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalpakaŋam ə̑l'e | om kalpakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalpakaŋat ə̑l'e | ot kalpakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalpakaŋeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kalpakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalpakaŋə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kalpakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalpakaŋə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kalpakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalpakaŋə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kalpakaŋ ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalpakaŋam ulmaš | om kalpakaŋ ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalpakaŋat ulmaš | ot kalpakaŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalpakaŋeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kalpakaŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalpakaŋə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kalpakaŋ ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalpakaŋə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kalpakaŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalpakaŋə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kalpakaŋ ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalpakaŋə̑nam ə̑l'e | kalpakaŋə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalpakaŋə̑nat ə̑l'e | kalpakaŋə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalpakaŋə̑n ə̑l'e | kalpakaŋə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalpakaŋə̑nna ə̑l'e | kalpakaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalpakaŋə̑nda ə̑l'e | kalpakaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalpakaŋə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kalpakaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalpakaŋə̑nam ulmaš | kalpakaŋə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalpakaŋə̑nat ulmaš | kalpakaŋə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalpakaŋə̑n ulmaš | kalpakaŋə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalpakaŋə̑nna ulmaš | kalpakaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalpakaŋə̑nda ulmaš | kalpakaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalpakaŋə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kalpakaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalpakaŋ | it kalpakaŋ |
| 3SG: | kalpakaŋže | ə̑nže kalpakaŋ |
| 1PL: | (kalpakaŋə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kalpakaŋ) |
| 2PL: | kalpakaŋza | ida kalpakaŋ |
| 3PL: | kalpakaŋə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kalpakaŋ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalpakaŋnem | ə̑nem kalpakaŋ |
| 2SG: | kalpakaŋnet | ə̑net kalpakaŋ |
| 3SG: | kalpakaŋneže | ə̑než kalpakaŋ |
| 1PL: | kalpakaŋnena | ə̑nena kalpakaŋ |
| 2PL: | kalpakaŋneda | ə̑neda kalpakaŋ |
| 3PL: | kalpakaŋnešt | ə̑nešt kalpakaŋ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalpakaŋnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kalpakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalpakaŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kalpakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalpakaŋneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kalpakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalpakaŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kalpakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalpakaŋneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kalpakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalpakaŋnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kalpakaŋ ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalpakaŋnet ulmaš | ə̑net kalpakaŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalpakaŋneže ulmaš | ə̑než kalpakaŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kalpakaŋneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kalpakaŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalpakaŋnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kalpakaŋ ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kalpakaŋaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kalpakaŋman |
| Active participle: | kalpakaŋše |
| Passive participle: | kalpakaŋme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kalpakaŋšaš |
| Negative participle: | kalpakaŋdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kalpakaŋə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kalpakaŋde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kalpakaŋmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kalpakaŋmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kalpakaŋšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kalpakaŋmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kalpakaŋdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||